A. GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS. ICONOGRAPHY AND SYMBOLISM BIBLIOGRAPHY

Garnier, François. L'âne à la lyre : sottisier d'iconographie médiévale, Paris : Léopard d'or, c1988. HILLMAN N5975 G366 1988

I. RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY.

Kirschbaum, E. Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie. Rome, Freiburg, Basel, 8 vols.1969-76

ed. Cabrol F. & Dictionnaire d'archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie Leclercq H. 15 Vols. Paris, 1907, rpt.. FRICK REF

ed. Buchberger Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche.11 Vols., ref Freiburg in Breisgau, 1957-65.  HILLMAN

Réau, L. Iconographie de l'art chrétien. 6 Vols., Paris, 1955-9. FRICK REF

Schiller, G. Ikonographie der christlichen Kunst 7 vols. in 8, 1966-91  FRICK REF

Schmitt, O.et al. Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte Stuttgart, 8 vols., 1937 - excellent, covers more than just Germany  FRICK REF

Viller, M. Dictionnaire de spiritualité d'ascétique et de mystique, ref Paris 1932 - ff. pts. 1-101  HILLMAN

Mâle, E. L'art religieux du XIIe siècle en France. Paris, 1922. FRICK

------------ L'art religieux du XIIIe siècle. Paris, 1910. FRICK

------------ The Gothic Image. London,Fontana 1961. (Translation of last.)  FRICK

------------ L'art religieux de la fin du moyen âge en France. this set of vols. is the old standard work, still valid in part Hillman

Anderson, M.D. Drama and Imagery in British Churches. stacks London, 1955. FRICK

Ferguson, G. Signs and Symbols in Christian Art. Oxford, 1972. awful ! use with extreme caution  FRICK

Timmers, J.J.M. Symboliek en Iconographie der christelijke Kunst. Roermond-Maasiek, 1947. Useful 1 volume bibliography in Dutch.

not Pitt

ed. Keller, H.L. Lexikon der Heiligen und der biblischen Gestalten. Stuttgart, Reklam Nos. 10454-60, 1968.

Saxl. Fritz VerzeichnisAstrologischen...Catalogue of Astrological andMythological Manuscripts of the Latin Middle Ages, III. Manuscripts in English Libraries. 2 Vols. London, 1955. SIS

Le Monde des Symboles, in series La nuit des Temps, Paris.  FRICK

II. SECULAR ICONOGRAPHY

 van Marle, R. Iconographie de l'art profane au moyen âge et à la Renaissance. 2 Vols.The Hague, 1931.

Schmitt, O. & al. Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte. Stammler, J. Stuttgart, 1937 -. see above

B. METHODOLOGY OF ICONOGRAPHIC STUDY

------------ Heritage of Images. London, Penguin, 1970.

------------ Vortäge der Bibliothek Warburg. 2 Vols. Hamburg, 1930-31.

Pickering, F.P. Literature and Art in the Middle Ages. London, 1970. almost unreadable, but has useful pointers

Schapiro, M.  Word and Image, The Hague, 1970.

Pächt, O. The Rise of Pictorial Narrative in Twelfth Century England. Oxford, 1961

Stammler, W. Wort und Bild. Berlin 1962

Wormald, F. The Illustration of the Bible, in Cambridge History of the Bible, vol. 2, 1969.

Weitzmann, K. et al. Age of Spirituality, New York, 1979

L’image : fonctions et usages des images dans l’Occident médiéval : actes du 6e International Worskhop on Medieval Societies, Centro Ettore Majorana (Erice, Sicile, 17-23 octobre 1992) / sous la direction de Jérôme Baschet et Jean-Claude Schmitt, Paris, 1996 FRICK

C. OLD TESTAMENT ICONOGRAPHY

Wellesz, E. The Vienna Genesis, London, 1959

Brenk, B. Die frühchristlichen Mosaiken in S. Maria Maggiore zu Rom, Wiesbaden, 1975

Caedmon:  The Caedmon Manuscript of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, ed. I Gollancz. Oxford, 1927

Dodwell, C.R. The Great Lambeth Bible, London, 1959

Oakeshott, W. The Two Winchester Bibles, Oxford, 1981

Henderson, G. Studies in English Bible Illustration, London, 1985

Cockerell, S.C. Old Testament Miniatures.London, n.d., rpt. ed. Plummer, New York

Tikkanen, J.J. Die Psalterillustration im Mittelalter. Leipzig, 1900.

Haseloff, G. Die Psalterillustration im 13. Jahrhundert, Kiel, 1938

Henderson, G. 'Cain's jaw-bone', Journal of Warburg and Courtauld Institutes.24, 1961, pp. 108-114.

Chastel, A. 'La rencontre de Salomon et de la reine de Saba dans l'iconographie médiévale'. Gazette des Beaux Arts vol.35. pp.99-11 4, 149-52.

Mellinkoff, R. The Horned Moses in Medieval Art and Thought. Los Angeles London, 1970.

Steger, H. David Rex et Propheta. Nürnberg, 1961.

D. LIFE OF CHRIST

Bartning, L. Die Jesusdarstellung in der bildenen Kunst. 1928.

Berger, R. Die Darstellung des thronenden Christus in der romanischen Kunst. Reuthlingen, 1926.

Katzenellenbogen, A. 'The Central Tympanum at Vézelay'. Art Bulletin, 1944, pp. 141 f.

Vezin, G. L'Adoration et le Cycle des Mages dans l'art chrétien primitif. 1950.

Giess, H. Die Darstellung der Fusswaschung Christi in den Kunstwerken des 4-12 Jahrhunderts. Rome, 1962.

Wessel, K. Abendmahl und Apostelkommunion Recklinghausen 1964.

Goetz, O. "Hie henckt Judas." in Form und Inhalt. Stuttgart, 1950.

Villette, J. La Résurrection du Christ dans l'art chrétien du IIe au VIIIe siècle. Paris, 1957.

Schapiro, M. "The Image of the disappearing Christ. The Ascension in English Art around the year 1000." Gazette des Beaux Arts XXII, 1943, pp. 135 ff. reprinted with many other important essays in his collected essays:
Late Antique, Early Christian and Medieval Art, Selected Papers, New York, 1979

Van der Meer, F. Majestas Domini. Theophanies de l'Apocalypse dans l'art chrétien; étude sur les origines d'une iconographie spéciale du Christ. Paris-Rome, 1938

Schrade, H. Ikonographie der christlichen Kunst, I. Die Auferstehung Christi. Berlin/ Leipzig 1932.

The Crucifixion

Reil, J. Die frühchristlichen Darstellungen von der Kreuzigung Christi. Leipzig, 1904.

------------- Christus am Kreuz in der Kunst der Karolingerzeit. Leipzig, 1930.

Thoby, P. Le crucifix, des origines au concile de Trente, étude iconographique. Nantes, 1959.

Frolow, A. La relique de la vraie croix, recherches sur le développement d'un culte. Paris, 1961.

Pickering, F.P. Literature and Art in the Middle Ages. London, 1970. pp. 223-307.

Haussherr, H. Der tote Christus am Kreuz. Zur Ikonographie des Gerokreuzes.Bonn, 1963, (Univ. Bonn phil. Diss)

Romuald, B. Das Lebenzeichen. Munich, 1961.

E. THE VIRGIN MARY

Guldan, E. Eva und Maria Graz-Koln, 1966.

Küppers, L. Die Gottesmutter, 2 vols. Recklinghausen, 1974

Vloberg, M. La Vierge et l'Enfant dans l'art français. Paris, n.d.

Borgrave d'Altena, J. Madonnes anciennes conservées en Belgique 1025-1425. Brussels, 1945

Lafontaine-Dosogne, J.  L' Iconographie de l'enfance de la vierge dans l'empire byzantine et en occident. Bruxelles, 1964. 2 vols.

Forsyth, I. The Throne of Wisdom. Princeton, 1972

Boase, T.S.R. The York Psalter, London, 1959

Conan, A. "Le couronnement de la Vierge au moyen âge en France dans la sculpture, la peinture et les miniatures." Musées de France, 1948, pp. 194-8.

Zarnecki, G. "The Coronation of the Virgin." Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes XIII, 1950.

Verdier, P. Le couronnement de la Vierge, Paris and Montréal, 1980

Clayton, M.  The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Anglo-Saxon England, Cambridge, 1990,

F. SAINTS

Acta Sanctorum, ed. The Bollandists . (The Still incomplete collection of all hagiographic material in existence.)

The Book of Saints, ed. the Benedictines of Ramsgate. London, 1921.(A handy general ref. book).

Baring-Gould, S. The Lives of the Saints. 15 vols., Edinburgh, 1914.

Attwater, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints.Harmondsworth, 1965 Not bad for England, weak on he rest.

Farmer, D.H. The Oxford Dictionary of the Saints. Oxford, 1978. rather general

Greene, E.A. Saints and their Symbols. 18th ed. London, 1904

Collinet-Guérin, M. Histoire du nimbe. Freiburg im Breisgau. 1907.

Braun, J. Tracht und Attribute der Heiligen in der deutschen Kunst. Stuttgart, 1943.

---------------- Die Liturgische Gewandung in Occident und Orient. Freiburg in Breisgau, 1907.

Réau, L. Iconographie de l'art chrétien. Vols. IV, V, & VI, Paris 1955-9.

Martin, H. Légende de St. Denis. Paris, 1908.

Lowe, W.R.L. and Jacob, E.F. Illustrations to the Life of St. Alban. Oxford, 1924. (Trinity College Dublin MS t.i. 40).

Keller, H,-E. Wace, La Vie de sainte Marguerite. Tübingen, 1990 and Stones, M.A.

Abou-el-Haj, B.  The Medieval Cult of Saints: Formations and Transformations, Cambridge, 1994.

Hahn, C.  Title:    Portrayed on the Heart : Narrative Effect in pictorial lives of saints from the tenth through the thirteenth century, Berkeley, 2001

G. ICONOGRAPHIC PROGRAMMES (RELIGIOUS).

Ihm, C. Die Programme der christlichen Apsismalerei vom vierten Jahrhundert bis zur Mitte des achten Jahrhunderts. Wiesbaden, 1960.

Dufrenne, S. Les programmes iconographiques des eglises Byzantines de Mistra. Bibliotheque des Cahiers Archeologiques, 1970.

Christe, Y. Les grands portails romans. Geneva, 1969

Salet, F. "Essai d'interpretation du grand tympan de Vézelay et de ses compartiments alentour." Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France. 1945 and 1947.

--------------- La Madeleine de Vézelay. 1948.

Katzenellenbogen, A. 'The Central Tympanum at Vézelay'. Art Bulletin, 1944, pp. 141 f.

Katzenellenbogen, A. The sculptural program of Chartres Cathedral. Baltimore, 1959.

Katzenellenbogen, A. Iconographic Novelties and Transformations in the sculp- ture of French Church Facades. ca. 1160-1190', . International Congress of the History of Art " Studies in Western Art , I. Acts of the 20th Intl. Congress of the History of Art. Princeton, 1963.p 108 ff.

Suger, Abbot of Abbot Suger.ed. Panofsky Princeton, 1946. St. Denis rpt ed. Panofsky-Soergel, 1979

Grodecki, L. "Les vitraux allégoriques de Saint Denis." Art de France I, 1961, pp. 19 ff.

Gerson, P. ed. Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis, New York, 1986

H. TYPES AND ANTITYPES.

Röhrig, F. Der Verduner Altar, Vienna, 1955

Buschhausen, H. Der Verduner Altar, Vienna, 1980

Lutz, J. and Perdrizet, P. Speculum Humane Salvations. 4 Vols., Mulhouse, 1907-9.

Breitenbach, E. Speculum Humane Salvationis, eine typologische Untersuchung, Strassburg, 1930.

Seiferth, W. Synagogue and Church in the Middle Ages. New York, 1970.

Schlauch, M. "The Allegory of Church and Synagogue." Speculum, 1939.

Verdier, P. 'La grande croix de Suger à Saint-Denis,' Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, Xe-XIIe siècle, 13, 1970, 1-31

Klemm, E. Ein romanisches Miniaturenzyklus aus dem Maasgebiet, Vienna, 1973

Röhrig, F. 'Rota in medio rotae- Ein typologischer Zyklus aus …sterreich,' Jahrbuch des Stiftes Klosterneuburg NF 5, 1965, 7-113

James, M.R. 'On the Paintings formerly in the choir at Peterborough,' Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 9, 1897, 178-94

---------------- 'On two series of paintings, formerly at Worcester priory, ibid., 10, 1900-01, 99-115

---------------- 'The Verses formerly inscribed on twelve windows in the choir of Canterbury Cathedral,' ibid., Octavo series, 1901

---------------- 'Pictor in carmine,' Archaeologia, 94, 1951, 141-66

Caviness, M.H. The Early Stained Glass of Canterbury Cathedral, Princeton, 1977

Sandler, L.F. The Peterborough Psalter in Brussels and Other Fenland Manuscripts, London, 1974 rev. Stones, ZfK

Chamot, M. English Medieval Enamels, London, 1930

Trenchard Cox, Mrs. 'The Twelfth-century design sources of the Worcester Cathedral Misericords,' Archaeoligia, 97, 1

959, 165-78

Herbert, J.A. The Sherborne Missal, Oxford, 1920

Haussherr, R. 'Der typologischer Zyklus der Chorfenster der Oberkirche von S. Francesco zu Assisi,' in Kunst als Bedeutungsträger, Gedenkschrift für Günther Bandmann, ed. W. Busch, R. Haussherr, E. Trier, Berlin, 1978, 95-128

I. SURVIVAL OF ANTIQUITY IN THE MIDDLE AGES

Newald, R. "Nachleben der Antike 1920-30" in Jahresbericht uber die Fortschritte der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, 232.

-------------- Nachleben des antiken Geistes im Abendland bis zum Beginn des Humanismus. Tübingen, 1960.

Bibliography of the survival of the Classics: Journal of the Warburg Institute, Vols. for 1930 and 1931.

Saxl, F. & Classical Mythology in Medieval Art, New York, 1933. Panofsky, E.

Oakeshott, W. Classical Inspiration in Medieval Art. London, 1959.

Weitzmann, K. Greek Mythology in Byzantine Art, Princeton, 1951, rpt 1984.

Seznec, J. La survivance des dieux antiques, London, 1940. tr. as The Survival of the Pagan Gods. New York, 1953.

Saxl, F.& Wittkower, R.  English Art and the Mediterranean. London, 194?.

Adhémar, J. Influences antiques dans l'art du moyen âge français. London, 1939.

b). Special Studies.

Winkes, R. Clipeat imago. Studien zu einer romanischen Bildnisform. 1969.

Stechow, W. Apollo und Daphne. Leipzig- Berlin, 1932.

(c) Fortuna.

Patch, H.R. The Goddess Fortuna in Medieval Literature. Cambridge, (Mass.) 1927.

Pickering, F.P. Literature and Art in the Middle Ages. London 1970, pp. 168-222 (especially 211-22).

Doren, A. 'Fortuna im Mittelalter und in der Renaissance.' Vorträge der Bibliothek Warburg. Vol. II, Hamburg, 1930-31. pp. 71-144. London University, Warburg Institute.

J. ALLEGORY and SYMBOLISM

Pickering, F.P. Literature and Art in the Middle Ages. London, 1970

Fleming, J. The Roman de la Rose: A Study in Allegory and Iconography. Princeton, 1970.

Le Monde des symboles in series La Nuit des Temps, Paris.

Ferguson, G. Signs and symbols in Christian Art. Oxford, 1972. awful--see above

Molsdorf, W. Christliche Symbolik der Mittelalterlichen Kunst, Leipzig, 1926.

Davy, M. M. Essai sur la symbolique romane 1955.

Sauer, J. Symbolik des Kirchengebaudes und seiner Ausstattung in der Auf- fassung des Mittelalters. Freiburg in Breisgau, 1902.

Evans, E.P. Animal symbolism in Ecclesiastical Art. London, 1896.

Collins, A.H. Symbolism of animals and birds in English church architecture. London, 1913.

Smith, E.B. Architecture symbolism of the Architectural Rome and Middle Ages. Princeton, 1956.

Watson, A. The Early iconography of the Tree Jesse. London, 1934.

Timmers, J.J.M. Symbolik en Iconographie der christlijke Kunst. Roermond- Maasich, 1947.

Virtues and Vices

Katzenellenbogen, A. Allegories of the Virtues and Vices in Medieval Art. Norton, 1964.

Deschamps, P. "Le combat des Vices et des Vertus sur les portails romans de la Saintonge et du Pointou." Congrès Archéologique, Société française d'archéologie. Angoulême, 1912, Vol. II, p.309 ff.

Stettiner, R. Die illustrierten Prudentius- Handschriften im Mittelalter . 2 Vols, Berlin, 1895, 1905.

Woodruff, H. The Illustrated manuscripts of Prudentius. Art Studies VII, Cambridge, Mass. 1929.

Tuve, R. Allegorical Imagery. Princeton, 1966, pp.57-143.

---------- "Some notes on the Virtues and Vices." London University Warburgand Court. Inst. Journal. XXVI and XXVII, 1963-4

Hourihane, C.   Virtue and vice : the personifications in the Index of Christian art, Princeton, 2000

K. Secular Literature.

Stammler, W. Wort and Bild. Berlin, 1962.

Panofsky, E. Studies in Iconography. New York, 1939.

Panofsky, D.&E. Pandora's Box. London, 1956

Frühmorgen-Voss, H. "Mittelhochdeutsche weltliche Literatur und ihre Illustration." Deutsche Vierteljahresschrift XLIII, 1969, pp.23-75.

------------ "Bildtypen in der Manessischen Liederhandschrift." Werk-Typ- Situation. Stuttgart, 1969, pp. 184- 216.

(a) Alexander Romance.

Cary, G. The Medieval Alexander. Cambridge, 1956.

Ross, D.J.A. Alexander Historiatus. London, 1963.

----------- Medieval German Alexander Books in Germany and the Netherlands. London, 1971.

----------- "Olympias and the serpent." Warburg Journal XXVI, 1983, pp. 1-21.

James, M. R. The Romance of Alexander (MS. Bodley 264), Oxford, 1936.

Xyngopoulos, A. Les miniatures du Roman d'Alexandre le Grand dans le codex de l'Institut Hellenique de Venise. Athens-Venice. 1966.

(b) Troy.

Buchtal, H. Historia Troiana, London, 1971.

Scherer, M.R. The Legends of Troy in Art and Literature. New York-London, 1964.

(c) Epic.

Lejeune, R. & Stiennon, J.  La Légende de Roland dans l'art du moyen âge. Brussels, 1966. (Versions also in German, Flemish and English).

Soehring, O. Werke bildender Kunst in altfranzssischen Epen. Erlangen, 1900.

Dodwell, C.R. "The Bayeux tapestry and the French Secular Epic." Burlington Magazine, CVIII, 1965.

Wilson, D.M The Bayeux Tapestry. New York , 1985

(d) Arthurian Romances.

Loomis, R.S. & L.H. Arthurian Legends in Medieval Art. London- New York, 1938.

Stones, A. Arthurian Art Since Loomis, in Proceeding of the XVth International Arthurian Congress, Leuven 1987, Leuven 1991

(e) Nine Worthies.

Schroeder, H. Der Topos der Nine Worthies in Literatur und bildender Kunst. Gsttingen, 1971.

Wyss, R.L. "Die Neun Helden, eine ikono-graphische Studie." Zeitschrift für schweizerische ArchSologie und Kungstgeschichte XVII, 1957.pp.73-106.

(f) Julius Caesar (Les Faits des Romains).

Wyss, R.L. Die Caesarteppiche und ihr ikono- graphisches Verhaltnis zur illustra- tion der 'Faits des Romains' im 14 und 15 Jahrhuhdert. Bern, 1957.

L. PHYSIOLOGUS, BESTIARIES, FABLES, ANIMALS, ETC.

James, M.R. The Bestiary, (Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. I i.4.26) Roxburghe Club, 1928.

Debidour, V.H. Le Bestiaire sculpté du moyen âge en France. Grenoble, 1961.

Strzygowski, J. Der Bilderkreis des griechischen Physiologus des Kosmos Indicopleustes und Oktateuch. Reprinted 1969. in Byzantisches archiv, 2.

Blankenburg, W. Heilige und damonische Tiere. Leipzig, 1943.

Anderson, M.D. Animal carvings in British Churches. Cambridge, 1938.

Collins, A.H. Symbolism of animals and birds in English church architecture, London, 1913.

Evans, E.P. Animal Symbolism in Ecclesiastical Art. London, 1896.

White, T.H. The Bestiary, a Book of Beasts, being a translation from a Latin Bestiary of the Twelfth Century.New York, 1954. Capricorn Books, 1960.

Thibout, M. L'éléphant dans la sculpture romane française. Bulletin monumentale, 1947, pp. 143-95.

Janson, H.W. Apes and Ape Lore in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. London, Warburg, 1952.

Varty, K. Reynard the Fox. A study of the Fox in Medieval English Art. Leicester, 1967.

Barclay-Lloyd, J. African Animals in Medieval and Renaissance Art. Oxford, O.U.P

Klingender, F.D. Animals in Art and Thought. London, 1970.

Randall, L.M.C. Images in the margins of Gothic Manuscripts. Berkley, California, 1966.

Baltrusaitis, J. Le moyen âge fantastique, antiques et exotismes dans l'art gothique. 1955.

M. MONSTERS.

"Marvels of the East." Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes,V, 1942, pp. 150 ff.

Jalabert, D. 'Le Sphinx'. Bulletin Monumental, 1935, pp. 71-104

----------- 'Les Sirènes'. Bulletin Monumental, 1936, pp.433-7

Poesch, J. 'The Beasts from Job in the "Liber Floridus" MSS'. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, XXXIII, 1970, pp. 41-51.

Barb, A. 'Antaura, the mermaid and the devil's grandmother'. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, XXIX, 1966, pp. 1-23.

N. MISCELLANEOUS.

Ringbom, L.I. Paradisus Terrestris. Helinski, 1955.

Schlee, E. Die Iconographie der Paradiesesflusse. Leipzig, 1937

Goetz, O. Der Feigenbaum in der religissen Kunst des Abendlandes. Berlin, 1945.

b. Visions

Liebeschütz, H. Das allegorische Weltbild der heiligen Hildegard von Bingen. Leipzig-Berlin, 1930.

Baillet, L. Les Miniatures du "Scivias" de sainte Hildegarde conservé à la bibliothèque de Wiesbaden, Paris 1911.

c. Music

Reuter, E. Les representations de la musique dans la sculpture romane en France. Paris, 1938.

Seebass, T. Musikdarstellung und Psalterillustration im frühen Mittelalter. Bern, 1973

d. Horsemen

Crozet, R. 'Nouvelles remarques sur les cavaliers sculptes ou peints dans les eglises romanes.' Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. I, Poitiers, 1958, pp. 27-36.

e. Death

Boase, T.S.R. in Evans, J., ed. The Flowering of the Middle Ages, London, 1966

Panofsky, E. Tomb sculpture. New York, 1964.

Regionale Siciliana Il trionfo della Morte. Palermo, 1989.

Roizler, W. Die Begegmung der drei Lebenden und der drei Toten. Winterthur, 1961.

Rosenfeld, H. Der Mittelalterliche Totentanz, Entstelung, Entwick- lung, Bedeutung, Ksln/Graz, 1968.

Cosacchi, S. Makabertanz, Der Totentanz in Kunst, Poesie und Brauchtum des Mittelalters. Meisenheim am Glan, 1965.

f. Cosmology Von den Steiner, Der Kosmos des Mittelalters. Bern-Munich, 1959. Ilan Judith Wolfram

Beer, E.J. Die Rose der Kathedrale von Lausanne und Kosmolo- gische Bilderkreis des Mittelalters. Bern, 1952.

Liebeschütz, H. Das allegorische Weltbild der heiligen Hildegard von Bin- gen. Leipzig-Berlin, 1930.

Strzygowski, J. Der Bilderkreis des griechischen Physiologus, des Kosmos Indicopleutes und Oktateuch. Reprinted 1969.

Binski, P.  Medieval Death : ritual and representation, Ithaca, NY, 1996

g. Calendar, Signs of Zodiac, Labours of Months

Stern, H. The Calendar of 354, Paris, 1953

Salzman, M.R.  On Roman Time: The Codex-Calendar of 354 and the rhythms of urban life in late antiquity, Berkeley, 1990

Webster, J.C. The Labours of the Months in Antique and Medieval Art to the end of the twelfth century, London, 1934.

h. Hell

Davidson, Clifford The Iconography of Hell, Kalamazoo, MI, 1992 and Thomas H. Seiler, eds.

Schmidt, Gary D. The Iconography of the Mouth of Hell, Selinsgrove and London, 1995

Gesture

Garnier, François. Le langage de l'image au Moyen Age : signification et symbolique, Paris : Léopard d'or, c1982. HILLMAN N5975 .G373 1982

Bremmer, Jan and Roodenburg, Herman, eds. A Cultural History of Gesture, Ithaca, NY: Cornell, 1991 FRICK P117 C85 1992

Barasch, Moshe. Gestures of despair in medieval and early Renaissance art, New York : New York University Press, 1976. FRICK FINE ARTS N5975 .B22 (FA)

Schmitt, Jean Claude. Gestures, London, New York : Published for Harwood Academic Publishers by O.P.A. Ltd. ; Dist. by STBS Ltd., 1984. HILLMAN BF935 .G4 1984

Schmitt, Jean Claude. La raison des gestes dans l'Occident médiéval, Paris : Gallimard, c1990 HILLMAN BR253 S38 1990

Bäuml, Betty J. and Franz H. A dictionary of gestures, Metuchen, N.J. : Scarecrow Press, 1975. HILLMAN LIB-REFERENCE BF591 .B3

Neumann, Gerhard. Gesten und Geb”arden in der griechischen Kunst. Mit 77 Abbildungen, Berlin, de Gruyter, 1965. FRICK FINE ARTS N5633 .N49

Brilliant, Richard. Gesture and rank in Roman art; the use of gestures to denote status in Roman sculpture and coinage, New Haven, The Academy, 1963. FRICK FINE ARTS i N5763 B85

TEXTS

The essential text for iconography study is the Bible. This should always be quoted in the Vulgate text (best edition by R.Weber, Stuttgart, 1969), together with the Douai translation which is directly based on it, though the use of the more familiar Authorised Version, together with Cruden's Concordence, is permissible for convenience in research. All texts must however be checked against the Vulgate, which not infrequently disagrees with the Authorised Version.

The student should be familiar in particular with the Book of Genesis, the Psalms, the Gospels and the Apocalypse but the wider the general familiarity with the Holy Writ the better. The New Testament Apocrypha is also of great importance for the infancy of Christ, the life of St. Mary and for the apocryphal acts. It can best be read in M.R. James, The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford, 1924, several times reprinted.

Almost all theological and many secular Latin texts from the early Fathers down to the end of the twelfth-century are available in ed. J.P. Migne, Patrologia Latina. 212 Vols.better and more recent editions of some of them have appeared in Corpus Christianorum. 50 Vols, in progress.

Secular, mainly historical, texts relating to England are to be found in the Rolls Series and in the publication of the Camden Society, and vernacular literary texts in the series of the Early English Text Society: Monastic material in Dugdale's Monasticon.

For French history we have the publications of the Société de l'Histoire de France and for vernacular literature the series of the Societe des anciens textes français (S.A.T.F.) and the Classiques français du moyen âge (C.F.M.A.). Recent editions in the Textes littéraires français (T.L.F.): Ecclesiastical and monastic material in Gallia Christiana.

For Germany and Europe in general, as the title has been very broadly interpreted and includes literary and historical works from most of Western Europe, the most important series in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, with subsections Scriptores (History and Literature in Latin), Leges (Law), Epistolae (Letters) and also a series for vernacular authors. Medieval German texts in Deutsche Texte des Mittelalters.

For Italy there is Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores.

For the lives of Saints the most used source in the Middle Ages was the Golden Legend (Legenda Aurea ) of Jacobus de Voragine--based on earlier hagiographical compilations. English version by Caxton. .